SELECT deptno, empno, sal
FROM emp e
WHERE
2 > ( SELECT COUNT(e1.sal)
FROM emp e1
WHERE e.deptno = e1.deptno AND e.sal < e1.sal )
ORDER BY 1,3 DESC;
I am looking at the following output. We need to stick to this format.
Total 1980 1981 1982 1983
----------- ------------ ------------ ------------- -----------
14 1 10 2 1
SELECT COUNT (*), COUNT(DECODE(TO_CHAR (hiredate, 'YYYY'),'1980', empno)) "1980",
COUNT (DECODE (TO_CHAR (hiredate, 'YYYY'), '1981', empno)) "1981",
COUNT (DECODE (TO_CHAR (hiredate, 'YYYY'), '1982', empno)) "1982",
COUNT (DECODE (TO_CHAR (hiredate, 'YYYY'), '1983', empno)) "1983"
FROM emp;
SELECT a.deptno, ename, sal, (SELECT SUM(sal) FROM emp b WHERE a.deptno = b.deptno)
FROM emp a
ORDER BY a.deptno;
OUTPUT :
=======
DEPTNO ENAME SAL SUM (SAL)
========= ======= ==== =========
10 KING 5000 11725
30 BLAKE 2850 10900
10 CLARK 2450 11725
10 JONES 2975 11725
30 MARTIN 1250 10900
30 ALLEN 1600 10900
30 TURNER 1500 10900
30 JAMES 950 10900
30 WARD 2750 10900
20 SMITH 8000 33000
20 SCOTT 3000 33000
20 MILLER 20000 33000
The output is as follows - we need to stick to this format :
Job Dept 10 Dept 20 Dept 30 Total
---------- --------------- ------------- ------------- ---------
ANALYST 6000 6000
CLERK 1300 1900 950 4150
MANAGER 2450 2975 2850 8275
PRESIDENT 5000 5000
SALESMAN 5600 5600
SELECT job "Job", SUM (DECODE (deptno, 10, sal)) "Dept 10",
SUM (DECODE (deptno, 20, sal)) "Dept 20",
SUM (DECODE (deptno, 30, sal)) "Dept 30",
SUM (sal) "Total"
FROM emp
GROUP BY job ;
SELECT DEPTNO, ENAME, SAL
FROM EMP A
WHERE
3 = (SELECT COUNT(B.SAL) FROM EMP B
WHERE A.SAL < B.SAL) ORDER BY SAL DESC;
SELECT DEPTNO, ENAME, SAL
FROM EMP
WHERE ROWID = (SELECT ROWID FROM EMP WHERE ROWNUM <= 5
MINUS
SELECT ROWID FROM EMP WHERE ROWNUM < 5)
VII. Tree Query :
Name Null ? Type
-------------------------------------------------------------------
SUB NOT NULL VARCHAR2(4)
PRICE NUMBER(6,2)
SELECT sub, super
FROM parts
CONNECT BY PRIOR sub = super
START WITH sub = 'p1';
DELETE FROM table_name A
WHERE ROWID > ( SELECT min(ROWID) FROM table_name B WHERE A.col = B.col);
SELECT *
FROM emp
WHERE (ROWID,0) IN (SELECT ROWID, MOD(ROWNUM,4)
FROM emp);
SELECT ename, deptno, sal
FROM (SELECT * FROM emp ORDER BY sal DESC)
WHERE ROWNUM < 10;
SELECT
f2,
COUNT(DECODE(greatest(f1,59), least(f1,100), 1, 0)) "Range 60-100",
COUNT(DECODE(greatest(f1,30), least(f1, 59), 1, 0)) "Range 30-59",
COUNT(DECODE(greatest(f1,29), least(f1, 0), 1, 0)) "Range 00-29"
FROM my_table
GROUP BY f2;
SELECT ename "Name", sal "Salary",
DECODE( TRUNC(sal/1000, 0), 0, 0.0,
1, 0.1,
2, 0.2,
3, 0.3) "Tax rate"
FROM emp;
COL NAME DATATYPE
----------------------------------------
DNO NUMBER
SELECT dno, SUM(DECODE(sex,'M',1,0)) MALE,
SUM(DECODE(sex,'F',1,0)) FEMALE,
COUNT(DECODE(sex,'M',1,'F',1)) TOTAL
FROM t1
GROUP BY dno;
SELECT EXP(SUM(LN(col1))) FROM srinu;
SELECT num
FROM satyam
GROUP BY num
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;
*
**
***
****
*****
SELECT RPAD(DECODE(temp,temp,'*'),ROWNUM,'*')
FROM srinu1;
FUNCTION F_BALANCE_VALUE
(p_business_group_id number, p_payroll_action_id number,
p_balance_name varchar2, p_dimension_name varchar2) RETURN NUMBER
IS
l_bal number;
l_defined_bal_id number;
l_assignment_action_id number;
BEGIN
SELECT assignment_action_id
INTO l_assignment_action_id
FROM
pay_assignment_actions
WHERE
assignment_id = :p_assignment_id
AND payroll_action_id = p_payroll_action_id;
SELECT
defined_balance_id
INTO
l_defined_bal_id
FROM
pay_balance_types pbt,
pay_defined_balances pdb,
pay_balance_dimensions pbd
WHERE
pbt.business_group_id = p_business_group_id
AND UPPER(pbt.balance_name) = UPPER(p_balance_name)
AND pbt.business_group_id = pdb.business_group_id
AND pbt.balance_type_id = pdb.balance_type_id
AND UPPER(pbd.dimension_name) = UPPER(p_dimension_name)
AND pdb.balance_dimension_id = pbd.balance_dimension_id;
l_bal := pay_balance_pkg.get_value(l_defined_bal_id,l_assignment_action_id);
RETURN (l_bal);
exception
WHEN no_data_found THEN
RETURN 0;
END;
FUNCTION f_element_value(
p_classification_name in varchar2,
p_element_name in varchar2,
p_business_group_id in number,
p_input_value_name in varchar2,
p_payroll_action_id in number,
p_assignment_id in number
)
RETURN number
IS
l_element_value number(14,2) default 0;
l_input_value_id pay_input_values_f.input_value_id%type;
l_element_type_id pay_element_types_f.element_type_id%type;
BEGIN
SELECT DISTINCT element_type_id
INTO l_element_type_id
FROM pay_element_types_f pet,
pay_element_classifications pec
WHERE pet.classification_id = pec.classification_id
AND upper(classification_name) = upper(p_classification_name)
AND upper(element_name) = upper(p_element_name)
AND pet.business_group_id = p_business_group_id;
SELECT input_value_id
INTO l_input_value_id
FROM pay_input_values_f
WHERE upper(name) = upper(p_input_value_name)
AND element_type_id = l_element_type_id;
SELECT NVL(prrv.result_value,0)
INTO l_element_value
FROM pay_run_result_values prrv,
pay_run_results prr,
pay_assignment_actions paa
WHERE prrv.run_result_id = prr.run_result_id
AND prr.assignment_ACTION_ID = paa.assignment_action_id
AND paa.assignment_id = p_assignment_id
AND input_value_id = l_input_value_id
AND paa.payroll_action_id = p_payroll_action_id;
RETURN (l_element_value);
exception
WHEN no_data_found THEN
RETURN 0;
END;
SELECT ename,
NVL(LENGTH (REPLACE(TRANSLATE(UPPER(RTRIM(ename)),'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'' ',' @'),' ',''))+1,1) word_length
FROM emp;
Explanation :
TRANSLATE(UPPER(RTRIM(ename)),'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'' ',' @') -- This will translate all the characters FROM A-Zincluding a single quote to a space. It will also translate a space to a @.
REPLACE(TRANSLATE(UPPER(RTRIM(ename)),'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'' ',' @'),' ','') -- This will replace every space withnothing in the above result.
LENGTH(REPLACE(TRANSLATE(UPPER(RTRIM(ename)),'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'' ',' @'),' ',''))+1 -- This will give u the countof @ characters in the above result.
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION is_leap_year (p_date IN DATE) RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
v_test DATE;
BEGIN
v_test := TO_DATE ('29-Feb-' || TO_CHAR (p_date,'YYYY'),'DD-Mon-YYYY');
RETURN 'Y';
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RETURN 'N';
END is_leap_year;
SQL> SELECT hiredate, TO_CHAR (hiredate, 'Day') weekday
FROM emp
WHERE is_leap_year (hiredate) = 'Y';
SELECT
TRANSLATE(LOWER(ssn),'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz- ','')
FROM DUAL;
SELECT
TRANSLATE(INITCAP(temp),
SUBSTR(temp, INSTR(temp,'''')+1,1), LOWER(SUBSTR(temp, INSTR(temp,'''')+1)))
FROM srinu1;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION to_word_i
(amount IN NUMBER)
RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
v_length INTEGER := 0;
v_num2 VARCHAR2 (50) := NULL;
v_amount VARCHAR2 (50) := TO_CHAR (TRUNC (amount));
v_word VARCHAR2 (4000) := NULL;
v_word1 VARCHAR2 (4000) := NULL;
TYPE myarray IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2 (255);
v_str myarray := myarray (' Thousand ',
' Lakh ',
' Crore ');
BEGIN
IF ((amount = 0) OR (amount IS NULL)) THEN
v_word := 'zero';
ELSIF (TO_CHAR (amount) LIKE '%.%') THEN
IF (SUBSTR (amount, INSTR (amount, '.') + 1) > 0) THEN
v_num2 := SUBSTR (amount, INSTR (amount, '.') + 1);
IF (LENGTH (v_num2) < 2) THEN
v_num2 := v_num2 * 10;
END IF;
v_word1 := ' AND ' || (TO_CHAR (TO_DATE (SUBSTR (v_num2, LENGTH (v_num2) - 1,2), 'J'),
'JSP' ))|| ' paise ';
v_amount := SUBSTR(amount,1,INSTR (amount, '.')-1);
v_word := TO_CHAR (TO_DATE (SUBSTR (v_amount, LENGTH (v_amount) - 2,3), 'J'), 'Jsp' ) || v_word;
v_amount := SUBSTR (v_amount, 1, LENGTH (v_amount) - 3);
FOR i in 1 .. v_str.COUNT
LOOP
EXIT WHEN (v_amount IS NULL);
v_word := TO_CHAR (TO_DATE (SUBSTR (v_amount, LENGTH (v_amount) - 1,2), 'J'), 'Jsp' ) || v_str (i) || v_word;
v_amount := SUBSTR (v_amount, 1, LENGTH (v_amount) - 2);
END LOOP;
END IF;
ELSE
v_word := TO_CHAR ( TO_DATE ( TO_CHAR ( amount, '999999999') , 'J'), 'JSP');
END IF;
v_word := v_word || ' ' || v_word1 || ' only ';
v_word := REPLACE (RTRIM (v_word), ' ', ' ');
v_word := REPLACE (RTRIM (v_word), '-', ' ');
RETURN INITCAP (v_word);
END to_word_i;
DELETE
FROM srinu
WHERE (ROWID,0) IN (SELECT ROWID, MOD(ROWNUM,2)
FROM srinu);
DELETE
FROM srinu
WHERE (ROWID,1) IN (SELECT ROWID, MOD(ROWNUM,2)
FROM srinu);
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE Send_Mail
IS
sender VARCHAR2(50) := 'sender@something.com';
recipient VARCHAR2(50) := 'recipient@something.com';
subject VARCHAR2(100) := 'Test Message';
message VARCHAR2(1000) := 'This is a sample mail ....';
lv_mailhost VARCHAR2(30) := 'HOTNT002';
l_mail_conn utl_smtp.connection;
lv_crlf VARCHAR2(2):= CHR( 13 ) || CHR( 10 );
BEGIN
l_mail_conn := utl_smtp.open_connection (lv_mailhost, 80);
utl_smtp.helo ( l_mail_conn, lv_mailhost);
utl_smtp.mail ( l_mail_conn, sender);
utl_smtp.rcpt ( l_mail_conn, recipient);
utl_smtp.open_data (l_mail_conn);
utl_smtp.write_data ( l_mail_conn, 'FROM: ' || sender || lv_crlf);
utl_smtp.write_data ( l_mail_conn, 'To: ' || recipient || lv_crlf);
utl_smtp.write_data ( l_mail_conn, 'Subject:' || subject || lv_crlf);
utl_smtp.write_data ( l_mail_conn, lv_crlf || message);
utl_smtp.close_data(l_mail_conn);
utl_smtp.quit(l_mail_conn);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error');
END;
/
SELECT case
WHEN sex = 'm' THEN 'male'
WHEN sex = 'f' THEN 'female'
ELSE 'unknown '
END
FROM mytable;
CREATE TABLE srinu(dt1 date DEFAULT SYSDATE, dt2 date,
CONSTRAINT check_dt2 CHECK ((dt2 >= dt1) AND (dt2 <= ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,3)));
XXIX. Query to list all the suppliers who supply all the parts supplied bysupplier 'S2' :
SELECT DISTINCT a.SUPP
FROM ORDERS a
WHERE a.supp != 'S2'
AND a.parts IN
(SELECT DISTINCT PARTS FROM ORDERS WHERE supp = 'S2')
GROUP BY a.SUPP
HAVING
COUNT(DISTINCT a.PARTS) >=
(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT PARTS) FROM ORDERS WHERE supp = 'S2');
Table : orders
SUPP PARTS
-------------------- -------
S1 P1
S1 P2
S1 P3
S1 P4
S1 P5
S1 P6
S2 P1
S2 P2
S3 P2
S4 P2
S4 P4
S4 P5
SELECT NEXT_DAY(LAST_DAY(TO_DATE('26-10-2001','DD-MM-YYYY')) - 7,'sunday')
FROM DUAL;
table data :
id name parent_id
-------------------------------
1 a NULL - the top level entry
2 b 1 - a child of 1
3 c 1
4 d 2 - a child of 2
5 e 2
6 f 3
7 g 3
8 h 4
9 i 8
10 j 9
SELECT ID
FROM MY_TABlE
WHERE PARENT_ID IS NOT NULL
MINUS
SELECT PARENT_ID
FROM MY_TABlE;
SELECT empno FROM emp WHERE ROWID in
(SELECT ROWID FROM emp
MINUS
SELECT ROWID FROM emp WHERE ROWNUM <= (SELECT COUNT(*)-5 FROM emp));
XXXIII. SELECT with variables:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE disp
AS
xTableName varchar2(25):='emp';
xFieldName varchar2(25):='ename';
xValue NUMBER;
xQuery varchar2(100);
name varchar2(10) := 'CLARK';
BEGIN
xQuery := 'SELECT SAL FROM ' || xTableName || ' WHERE ' || xFieldName ||
' = ''' || name || '''';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(xQuery);
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE xQuery INTO xValue;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(xValue);
END;
XXXIV. Query to get the DB Name:
SELECT name FROM v$database;
SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_SCHEMA') FROM DUAL;
SELECT column_name
FROM all_tab_columns
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'ORDERS';
Place the following lines of code in a file and execute the file in SQLPLUS :
set heading off
set feedback off
set colsep ' '
set termout off
set verify off
spool c:\srini.txt
SELECT empno,ename FROM emp; /* Write your Query here */
spool off
/
SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SESSIONID') Session_ID FROM DUAL;
To display rows 5 to 7 :
SELECT DEPTNO, ENAME, SAL
FROM EMP
WHERE ROWID IN
(SELECT ROWID FROM EMP
WHERE ROWNUM <= 7
MINUS
SELECT ROWID FROM EMP
WHERE ROWNUM < 5);
OR
SELECT ename
FROM emp
GROUP BY ROWNUM, ename
HAVING ROWNUM > 1 and ROWNUM < 3;
SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM user_tab_columns
WHERE table_name = 'MYTABLE';
dbms_output.enable(4000); /*allows the output buffer to be increased to the specified number of bytes */
DECLARE
BEGIN
dbms_output.enable(4000);
FOR i IN 1..400
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i);
END LOOP;
END;
/
Set the following to some other character. By default it is &.
set define '~'
XXXXVIII. How do you remove Trailing blanks in a spooled file :
Change the Environment Options Like this :
set trimspool on
set trimout on
set trimspool on
set trimout on
Sample :1
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE CNT(P_TABLE_NAME IN VARCHAR2)
AS
SqlString VARCHAR2(200);
tot number;
BEGIN
SqlString:='SELECT COUNT(*) FROM '|| P_TABLE_NAME;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE SqlString INTO tot;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total No.Of Records In ' || P_TABLE_NAME || ' ARE=' || tot);
END;
Sample :2
DECLARE
sql_stmt VARCHAR2(200);
plsql_block VARCHAR2(500);
emp_id NUMBER(4) := 7566;
salary NUMBER(7,2);
dept_id NUMBER(2) := 50;
dept_name VARCHAR2(14) := ’PERSONNEL’;
location VARCHAR2(13) := ’DALLAS’;
emp_rec emp%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'CREATE TABLE bonus (id NUMBER, amt NUMBER)';
sql_stmt := 'INSERT INTO dept VALUES (:1, :2, :3)';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE sql_stmt USING dept_id, dept_name, location;
sql_stmt := 'SELECT * FROM emp WHERE empno = :id';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE sql_stmt INTO emp_rec USING emp_id;
plsql_block := 'BEGIN emp_pkg.raise_salary(:id, :amt); END;';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE plsql_block USING 7788, 500;
sql_stmt := 'UPDATE emp SET sal = 2000 WHERE empno = :1
RETURNING sal INTO :2';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE sql_stmt USING emp_id RETURNING INTO salary;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DELETE FROM dept WHERE deptno = :num'
USING dept_id;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE ’ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE TRUE’;
END;
Sample 3
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE DEPARTMENTS(NO IN DEPT.DEPTNO%TYPE) AS
v_cursor integer;
v_dname char(20);
v_rows integer;
BEGIN
v_cursor := DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR;
DBMS_SQL.PARSE(v_cursor, 'select dname from dept where deptno > :x', DBMS_SQL.V7);
DBMS_SQL.BIND_VARIABLE(v_cursor, ':x', no);
DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_CHAR(v_cursor, 1, v_dname, 20);
v_rows := DBMS_SQL.EXECUTE(v_cursor);
LOOP
IF DBMS_SQL.FETCH_ROWS(v_cursor) = 0 THEN
EXIT;
END IF;
DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_CHAR(v_cursor, 1, v_dname);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Deptartment name: '||v_dname);
END LOOP;
DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR(v_cursor);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR(v_cursor);
raise_application_error(-20000, 'Unknown Exception Raised: '||sqlcode||' '||sqlerrm);
END;
Difference 1:
Oracle : select name from table1 where name like 'k%';
Access: select name from table1 where name like 'k*';
Difference 2:
Access: SELECT TOP 2 name FROM Table1;
Oracle : will not work there is no such TOP key word .
SELECT organization_id,name
FROM hr_all_organization_units
WHERE organization_id in
(
SELECT ORGANIZATION_ID_CHILD FROM PER_ORG_STRUCTURE_ELEMENTS
CONNECT BY PRIOR
ORGANIZATION_ID_CHILD = ORGANIZATION_ID_PARENT
START WITH
ORGANIZATION_ID_CHILD = (SELECT organization_id
FROM hr_all_organization_units
WHERE name = 'EBG Corporate Group'));
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE read_data
AS
c_path varchar2(100) := '/usr/tmp';
c_file_name varchar2(20) := 'EKGSEP01.CSV';
v_file_id utl_file.file_type;
v_buffer varchar2(1022) := This is a sample text’;
BEGIN
v_file_id := UTL_FILE.FOPEN(c_path,c_file_name,'w');
UTL_FILE.PUT_LINE(v_file_id, v_buffer);
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(v_file_id);
v_file_id := UTL_FILE.FOPEN(c_path,c_file_name,'r');
UTL_FILE.GET_LINE(v_file_id, v_buffer);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_buffer);
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(v_file_id);
END;
/
SELECT DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE (1,2) FROM DUAL;
SELECT
FLOOR((date1-date2)*24*60*60)/3600)
|| ' HOURS ' ||
FLOOR((((date1-date2)*24*60*60) -
FLOOR(((date1-date2)*24*60*60)/3600)*3600)/60)
|| ' MINUTES ' ||
ROUND((((date1-date2)*24*60*60) -
FLOOR(((date1-date2)*24*60*60)/3600)*3600 -
(FLOOR((((date1-date2)*24*60*60) -
FLOOR(((date1-date2)*24*60*60)/3600)*3600)/60)*60)))
|| ' SECS ' time_difference
FROM my_table;